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An Undignified Side of Death with Dignity Legislation
euthanasia physician-assisted suicide bioethics
2016/6/15
In recent years, Oregon and Washington have enacted so-called Death with Dignity (DWD) statutes that permit patients with less than 6 months to live to commit suicide with the aid of a physician.[ Phy...
Immunity and the emergence of individuality
Immune system individual individuality organism superorganism evolutionary transition major transition symbiosis immunology philosophy of immunology complexity adaptation innate and adaptive immunity
2016/6/15
Since (Buss 1987), it has become clear that individuality is not to be considered as a given, but rather as something which needs to be explained. How has individuality emerged through evolution, and ...
The speed of change:towards a discontinuity theory of immunity?
Immunology philosophy of immunology continuity-discontinuity theory self identity self-nonself theory model molecular biology
2016/6/15
Immunology, though deeply experimental in everyday practice, is also a theoretical discipline. Recent advances in the understanding of innate immunity, how it is triggered, and how it shares features ...
Vaccine refusers often seem motivated by disgust, and they invoke ideas of purity, contamination and sanctity. Unfortunately, the emotion of disgust and its companion ideas are not directly responsive...
Microbial diversity and the “lower-limit” problem of biodiversity
microbial diversity definition of biodiversity biodiversity scope biodiversity measure units of biodiversity definition of life
2016/6/15
Science is now studying biodiversity on a massive scale. These studies are occurring not just at the scale of larger plants and animals, but also at the scale of minute entities such as bacteria and v...
A number of areas of biology raise questions about what is of value in the natural environment and how we ought to behave towards it: conservation biology, environmental science, and ecology, to name ...
Emergence,closure and inter-level causation in biological systems
Emergence biological organisation downward causation constraints
2016/6/14
In this paper, we advocate the idea that an adequate explanation of biological systems requires appealing to organisational closure as an emergent causal regime. We first develop a theoretical justifi...
Distinguishing ecological from evolutionary approaches to transposable elements
transposable elements ecology evolution multivariate analysis philosophy of science
2016/6/14
Considerable variation exists not only in the kinds of transposable elements (TEs) occurring within the genomes of different species, but also in their abundance and distribution. Noting a similarity ...
Power,Credibility and Expertise in a Colonized Medical Discourse
Expertise Discourse Trust Colonization Orthopedic Medicine
2016/6/14
In 2006, Stephen Tower was 49 and an endurance cyclist, and a poster child patient for a metal on metal (MoM) hip resurfacing (ASR). As an orthopedic surgeon himself he careful chose the particular de...
Differential Diagnosis and the Suspension of Judgment
philosophy of medicine evidence diagnosis respect
2016/6/14
Physical illnesses that are difficult to diagnose are sometimes dismissed by physicians as “not real” or “all in the patient’s head”[ Iwata et. al. (2003), Hiro et. al. (2010), Sinha et. al. (2012), S...
Varieties of Noise:Analogical Reasoning in Synthetic Biology
Synthetic biology interdisciplinarity analogical reasoning engineering sciences complex systems noise
2016/6/14
The picture of synthetic biology as a kind of engineering science has largely created the public understanding of this novel field, covering both its promises and risks. In this paper, we will argue t...
I introduce a theoretical framework, due originally to Lewis and Skyrms, used in several talks in the PSA symposium "Signaling Within the Organism." I contrast sender-receiver systems as they appear w...
At the border of medical reasoning-aetiological and ontological challenges of medically unexplained symptoms
medically unexplained symptoms causation epistemology phenomenology ontology philosophy dispositions
2016/6/13
Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) remain recalcitrant to the medical profession, proving less suitable for homogenic treatment with respect to their aetiology, taxonomy and diagnosis. While the maj...
Developmental causation and the problem of homology
developmental causation evo-devo homology trait individuation trait inheritance
2016/6/12
While it is generally agreed that the concept of homology refers to individuated traits that have been inherited from common ancestry, we still lack an adequate account of trait individuation or inher...
Investigating Neural Representations:The Tale of Place Cells
mechanistic explanations representations spatial navigation place cells grid cells
2016/6/12
While neuroscientists often characterize brain activity as representational, many philosophers have construed these accounts as just theorists’ glosses on the mechanism. Moreover, philosophical discus...