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Viruses are major drivers of global biogeochemistry and the etiological agents of many diseases. They are also the winners in the game of life; there are more viruses on the planet than cellular organ...
Cognitive Architecture,Concepts,and Introspection:An Information-Theoretic Solution to the Problem of Phenomenal Consciousness
consciousness sensation introspection phenomenal concepts information theory
2015/7/30
This essay is a sustained attempt to bring new light to some of the perennial problems in philosophy of mind surrounding phenomenal consciousness and introspection through developing an account of sen...
Impact of Quantitative Information and a Nudge on Attitudes toward Colorectal Cancer Screening
Colon cancer Screening Ethics Health information
2014/11/17
Research in behavioral economics suggests that individuals facing complex decisions benefit from being given a “nudge” towards one option, especially in situations where making any choice, as opposed ...
Giving patients granular control of personal health information: Using an ethics “Points to Consider” to inform informatics system designers
Electronic health records Ethics Medical records systems Computerized Patient access to records Physician–patient relations Privacy
2014/11/17
OBJECTIVE: There are benefits and risks of giving patients more granular control of their personal health information in electronic health record (EHR) systems. When designing EHR systems and policies...
Disclosure and rationality: comparative risk information and decision-making about prevention
Decision making Comparative risk Prevention Rationality Expected utility theory Biomedical ethics
2014/11/17
With the growing focus on prevention in medicine, studies of how to describe risk have become increasing important. Recently, some researchers have argued against giving patients "comparative risk inf...
The value of information and the ethics of personal-genomic screening
Economics Ethics Evidence-Based Medicine Genetic Screening Genome, Human Health Services Accessibility Mass Screening Practice Guidelines as Topic
2014/11/17
Personal genomic screening, especially when marketed direct-to-consumers, threatens to worsen the inefficient use of healthcare resources that Burger and Kass discuss in the case of unproven screening...
The ethics of information: absolute risk reduction and patient understanding of screening
risk and benefit data informed consent respect for autonomy
2014/11/17
Some experts have argued that patients should routinely be told the specific magnitude and absolute probability of potential risks and benefits of screening tests. This position is motivated by the id...
Mechanistic Information and Causal Continuity
information mechanisms mechanistic information DNA expression sensori-motor reflexes Krebs cycle causal explanation causal continuity teleology, function
2011/9/6
Some biological processes (our examples are DNA expression and a reflex response in the leech) move from step to step in a way that cannot be completely understood solely in terms of causes and correl...
Attitudes of the Japanese public and doctors towards use of archived information and samples without informed consent: Preliminary findings based on focus group interviews
Preliminary findings focus group interviews
2008/11/6
Background
The purpose of this study is to explore laypersons' attitudes toward the use of archived (existing) materials such as medical records and biological samples and to compare them with the at...
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Guarded Quantification in Least Fixed Point Logic McColm,Gregory; Journal of Logic, Language and Information； 0925-8531； 200424 ; 13卷1 期 ； 61-110 页 文摘：
We develop a variant of Least Fixed Point ...